Why the 1943 copper penny is rare
During World War II the U.S. Mint changed the composition of the cent to steel coated with zinc to save copper for the war effort. Most 1943 cents are steel, so a genuine 1943 copper Lincoln Wheat penny is extremely uncommon.
The rarity comes from a small number of coins accidentally struck on leftover copper planchets. Because of that production error, these copper cents have become one of the most sought-after United States coins.
Key features of a 1943 Lincoln Wheat copper penny
When checking a potential 1943 copper penny, focus on physical and visual cues. These help you decide whether the piece is worth further testing or professional authentication.
- Color and weight: Copper cents are brown or reddish and will weigh about 3.11 grams. Steel cents are gray and lighter at about 2.7 grams.
- Mint mark and date: The date 1943 appears on both steel and the rare copper errors. A mint mark (D or S) will be below the date on some pieces.
- Magnetic test: Steel cents are magnetic. A copper 1943 penny will not be magnetic.
Quick checks you can do at home
- Try a magnet near the coin; if it sticks, it’s steel, not copper.
- Compare weight against a known modern copper penny weight using a small digital scale.
- Inspect under a bright light or loupe for surface and strike quality—authentic errors often show consistent strike details for the date and design.
Authentication and professional steps
If your initial checks suggest you may have a 1943 copper penny, the next step is professional authentication. Coin grading companies use tests and expertise to confirm metal composition and provenance.
Common professional steps include:
- Third-party grading (PCGS, NGC) for a documented certificate
- Non-destructive metal analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
- Provenance and expert die-study comparisons
How valuation works for a rare 1943 copper penny
Value is driven by authenticity, grade (condition), and provenance. A well-documented specimen graded highly by a major service will attract top prices at auction.
Factors that increase value:
- High numeric grade (MS60 and above)
- Clear provenance or past auction records
- Original surfaces without cleaning or damage
Where to sell or appraise
- Major auction houses that handle rare coins
- Reputable coin dealers and numismatic organizations
- Third-party grading services that can slab the coin and provide authentication
The 1943 copper penny is a mint error caused when a few copper planchets remained in the coining presses. Only a handful are known and each one has been studied closely by numismatists.
Practical steps if you find a suspected 1943 copper penny
Stay calm and handle the coin minimally. Oils and scratches reduce value. Follow a clear process to preserve evidence and maximize the chance of a strong appraisal.
- Do not clean the coin; cleaning can destroy value.
- Place the coin in a soft, inert holder like a Mylar flip or clear capsule.
- Take high-resolution photos showing obverse, reverse, and edge.
- Consult a reputable dealer or coin show for a preliminary opinion.
- Submit to a recognized grading service for authentication if initial opinions are positive.
Small real-world case study
A collector once discovered a suspicious 1943 penny in a small pile of change from an estate sale. A magnet test showed it was non-magnetic and its weight matched copper. After professional authentication and grading, the coin sold at auction for an amount reported around 1.8 million.
This example shows three practical lessons: simple home tests can screen candidates, professional grading is crucial, and well-documented provenance and condition drive the highest prices.
Common myths and how to avoid scams
Because of the high value, there are frequent scams—counterfeits, altered dates, and fake provenance. Be cautious with bold claims and low-cost offers to buy a coin immediately.
- Myth: Every shiny 1943 penny is copper. Reality: Most are steel and plated.
- Myth: A coin with a certificate is authentic. Reality: Certificates can be falsified; rely on known grading companies.
- Myth: Any dealer offer is fair. Reality: Get multiple opinions and use established auction houses for maximum transparency.
Final checklist before selling or submitting for grading
- Confirm non-magnetic behavior
- Record clear photos and notes about where you found the coin
- Avoid cleaning or polishing
- Choose a reputable grading company and read recent auction results
- Get multiple appraisals if possible
Finding what might be a 1943 copper Lincoln Wheat penny is exciting, but the best outcomes come from careful handling and using trusted professionals. Proper testing and documentation are the difference between a curiosity and a high-value collectible.