Lincoln cents often hide rare mistakes that attract strong collector interest. This guide explains the top 10 Lincoln penny errors, how to identify them, and what to look for when checking coins in pocket change or a collection.
How Lincoln Penny Errors Become Valuable
Value comes from rarity, demand, and condition. An error that affected only a few coins or a dramatic mistake that is visually striking often commands higher prices.
Professional grading and certification boost buyer confidence and frequently increase final sale prices. Always consider third-party grading for high-potential finds.
Top 10 Lincoln Penny Errors
The following are the most collectible Lincoln penny errors. Each entry explains what to look for and why it matters.
1. Doubled Die Obverse (DDO)
Doubled die errors show duplication of design elements on the obverse, typically visible on the date and lettering. The 1955 DDO is one of the most famous and valuable Lincoln errors.
- Look for heavy doubling on “LIBERTY” or the date.
- Strong examples can sell for significant sums.
2. 1943 Bronze or Copper on Bronze Planchet
Most 1943 cents were struck on zinc-coated steel because of wartime needs. A 1943 coin struck on bronze or copper planchet is extremely rare and highly sought.
These coins stand out because their color and weight differ from common 1943 steel cents.
3. 1944 Steel or Wrong Planchet Cents
In 1944, most cents were struck on brass (from shell casings). A coin struck on leftover steel planchets from 1943 or on an incorrect planchet is a strong error candidate.
4. Off-Center Strikes
Off-center strikes occur when a planchet is not fully seated under the die. Values rise with the degree of off-centering and the visibility of the design.
- Up to about 10% off-center is common and modestly valuable.
- Major offsets (30%+) are rare and can be worth hundreds to thousands depending on condition.
5. Clipped Planchet Errors
Clipped planchets show a missing curved portion of the coin where the blank was cut incorrectly. These are visually distinctive and collectible.
6. Broadstruck Pennies
Broadstruck coins are flattened beyond the retaining collar, producing a larger, thin coin with the design pushed outward. They are uncommon and appealing to error collectors.
7. Struck-Through & Capped Die Errors
Struck-through errors happen when foreign material on the die affects the strike; capped die coins display soft, distorted design elements. These cause unusual surface features that attract interest.
8. Repunched Mint Marks (RPM) and Misplaced Mint Marks
RPMs occur when the mint mark was punched multiple times in different positions. Small, visible doubling or repositioning of the mint mark can add value.
9. Wrong Planchet or Alloy Errors
Examples include modern pennies struck on a copper alloy when they should be zinc, or older cents struck on aluminum or other test planchets. Unintended metals are typically rare and sought after.
10. Die Breaks and Cuds
Die breaks produce raised lines, blobs, or missing design areas called cuds. Pronounced die breaks that create unique patterns can be collectible.
Some Lincoln pennies with dramatic errors have sold for six or seven figures at auction. The most valuable examples are usually certified by a major grading service.
How to Inspect Lincoln Penny Errors
Follow a consistent inspection routine to spot potential errors. Use good lighting and a 5–10x loupe for closer examination.
- Check the date and LIBERTY for doubling.
- Compare color and weight to a known standard coin.
- Look at the rim for clipped planchets or broadstrikes.
- Note any unusual surfaces or metal inclusions.
When to Get a Coin Graded
If an error appears significant or you suspect extreme rarity, seek third-party grading. Grading companies provide authentication, attribute the error, and assign a grade that helps determine market value.
Even for modest finds, documentation and high-resolution photographs help when selling or appraising.
Real-World Example: A Jar Find Turned Auction Lot
A collector discovered a discolored 1943 cent in a jar of mixed coins and initially thought it was a post-war steel cent. After inspection and testing, the coin proved to be struck on a bronze planchet and was verified by a professional grader.
The certified coin later sold at auction for more than $1 million. That sale highlights how a single error coin can dramatically outperform typical collector expectations.
Practical Tips for Collectors
- Keep any suspected error coin separate and handle with gloves to avoid damage.
- Take clear, close-up photos of both sides and the edge before sending for grading.
- Use reference guides and online databases to compare features and known varieties.
- Join collector forums or local clubs to get opinions from experienced numismatists.
Spotting valuable Lincoln penny errors requires patience and a careful eye. Learn the common types, verify with experts, and consider professional grading for high-potential finds. With a structured approach, everyday coins can hide surprising value.